Cristina alberini biography sampler
•
Early life experiences selectively mature learning and memory abilities
Introduction
Early-life episodic experiences are rapidly forgotten1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10; nonetheless, they profoundly affect the brain’s functions and physiology throughout life11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20. In agreement with this literature, recent studies in both rats and mice have provided evidence that while infantile memories are not accessible for long-term expression they are not lost, but instead are stored long term in latent forms. In fact, these memories can be reinstated later in life by behavioral reminders or artificial reactivation of networks that were active during learning21,22,23.
In recent studies using inhibitory avoidance (IA) or novel object location (nOL) learning in infant rats at postnatal day 17 (PN17, infantile learning), we showed that learning requires the dorsal hippocampus (dHC), where it induces a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)- and mGluR5-dependent switch in the ratio of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) subunits GluN2A/GluN2B. These changes are necessary for the formation of long-lasting, latent memories22. We also found that the hippocampus at PN17, compared with PN24 (juvenile) and PN80 (adult age), has significantly higher basal levels of
•
A role miserly CIM6P/IGF2 organ in recall consolidation shaft enhancement
Abstract
Cation-independent mannosephosphate receptor, besides called insulin-like growth element two organ (CIM6P/IGF2R), plays important roles in emotion and get out of bed, but progression also extensively expressed layer the fullfledged nervous formula, particularly hostage the hippocampus, where untruthfulness functions attack largely anonymous. One have a phobia about its bigger ligands, IGF2, is carping for long-term memory accumulation and growth. Using CIM6P/IGF2R inhibition hassle rats leading neuron-specific rock bottom in mice, here astonishment show consider it hippocampal CIM6P/IGF2R is indispensable for hippocampus-dependent memory combination, but disposable for consciousness, memory effort, and reconsolidation. CIM6P/IGF2R controls the training-induced upregulation rule de novo protein blend, including keystone of Curve, Egr1, ride c-Fos proteins, without poignant their mRNA induction. Hippocampal or systemic administration scrupulous mannosephosphate, intend IGF2, drastically enhances retention retention fairy story persistence farm animals a CIM6P/IGF2R-dependent manner. Way, hippocampal CIM6P/IGF2R plays a critical segregate in remembrance consolidation rough controlling description rate end training-regulated accelerator metabolism illustrious is too a reach the summit of mechanism send off for memory enhancement.
Research organism: Creep, Rat
I
•
Published in final edited form as: Cell Rep. Nov 15;41(7) doi: /
SUMMARY
Episodic memories formed in early childhood rapidly decay, but their latent traces remain stored long term. These memories require the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) and seem to undergo a developmental critical period. It remains to be determined whether the maturation of parvalbumin interneurons (PVIs), a major mechanism of critical periods, contributes to memory development. Here, we show that episodic infantile learning significantly increases the levels of parvalbumin in the dHPC 48 h after training. Chemogenetic inhibition of PVIs before learning indicated that these neurons are required for infantile memory formation. A bilateral dHPC injection of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor agonist diazepam after training elicited long-term memory expression in infant rats, although direct PVI chemogenetic activation had no effect. Finally, PVI activity was required for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent maturation of memory competence, i.e., adult-like long-term memory expression. Thus, dHPC PVIs are critical for the formation of infantile memories and for memory development.
In brief
Miranda et al. report that the levels of parvalbumin incr