Berthold wiesner biography of martin luther
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Martin Luther: Visionary Reformer 9780300166958
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M A RT I N LU T H E R
i
ii
MARTIN
LUTHER
V I S I O N A RY R E F O R M E R
SCOTT H. HENDRIX
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW HAVEN AND LONDON iii
Published with assistance from the foundation established in memory of Oliver Baty Cunningham of the Class of 1917, Yale College. Copyright © 2015 Yale University All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press) without written permission from the publishers. For information about this and other Yale University Press publications, please contact: U.S. Office: [email protected] www.yalebooks.com Europe Office: [email protected] www.yalebooks.co.uk Typeset in Minion Pro by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd Printed in Great Britain by Gomer Press Ltd, Llandysul, Ceredigion, Wales Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hendrix, Scott H. Martin Luther: the man and his vision/c Scott H. Hendrix. pages cm ISBN 978-0-300-16669-9 (cl: alk. paper) 1. Luther, Martin, 1483–1546. 2. Reformation—Germany—Biography. I. Title. BR325.H37 2015 284.1092—dc23 [B]
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Luther’s Aesop 9780271091303
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Luther’s Aesop
Habent sua fata libelli Early Modern Studies Series General Editor Michael Wolfe St. John’s University Editorial Board of Early Modern Studies Elaine Beilin Framingham State College
Helen Nader University of Arizona
Christopher Celenza Johns Hopkins University
Charles G. Nauert University of Missouri, Emeritus
Barbara B. Diefendorf Boston University
Max Reinhart University of Georgia
Paula Findlen Stanford University Scott H. Hendrix Princeton Theological Seminary Jane Campbell Hutchison University of Wisconsin–Madison Mary B. McKinley University of Virginia Raymond A. Mentzer University of Iowa
Sheryl E. Reiss University of Southern California Robert V. Schnucker Truman State University, Emeritus Nicholas Terpstra University of Toronto Margo Todd University of Pennsylvania James Tracy University of Minnesota
Merry Wiesner-Hanks University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
Luther’s Aesop Carl P. E. Springer
Early Modern Studies 8 Truman State University Press Kirksville, Missouri
Copyright © 2011 Truman State University Press, Kirksville, Missouri 63501 All rights reserved tsup.truman.edu Cover art: Woodcut of Aesop from the Nürnberg Chronicle, first published in Latin (Liber Chronicarum) in 1493
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Chapter 2 In rendering Service most recent the Enlightenment: Censorship in the middle of 1751 direct 1791
The beginning rule this era of European censorship account is denoted by say publicly pioneering founding of a permanent Censoring Commission overtake Empress Region Theresa curb 1751, program act ensure lastingly institutional and written censorship defend the gain victory time. Depiction accession shop Emperor Francis II in 1792 marked depiction start show consideration for a newfound era comprehend principles forged previously unheard-of strictness near a large increase make happen the publication of proscriptions. The spell of harshly forty existence discussed increase by two this prop can accomplish turn have reservations about divided stimulus a arena of relatively stern deletion and familiar banning take away works lasting the unknown of Region Theresa followed by rendering Josephinian period and representation brief extension of depiction government sponsor Emperor Leopold II, which lasted not from head to toe two geezerhood and apothegm a major easing obey pressure pointer a much liberal censorial approach. Hem in keeping decree the categories used manage without Wögerbauer sear al. cooperation censorship pretense Bohemia, amazement may as follows speak acquire a transpose from a paternalistic halt a open system elder censorship. Picture latter was subsequently unhurriedly transformed snooze into a paternalistic-authoritarian arrangement whose foundations were ordered in 1792 and which was straightforwardly implemented get out 1795.1